Apollonius of Tyana and His Disciples

Religious Elements in Ancient Philosophical Teachings

Authors

Keywords:

Philostratus, Apollonius of Tyana, Discipleship

Abstract

Philostratus (c. 170-247), a sophist from Roman times, wrote, among other works, a biography of Apollonius of Tyana (c. 3 a.C.-97 AD) in which he ascribes to the Greek philosopher and healer extraordinary achievements that would have earned him the admiration of several disciples, and that would have enabled him to develop a teaching career that was efficient and politically relevant. It is, therefore, the purpose of this article to assess some of the fundamental principles of discipleship undertaken by Apollonius, although on the understanding that his biography does not correspond exactly to the historical Apollonius; it would reveal, instead, the stereotypes and expectations related to religious discipleship in Roman times, especially as interpreted in the Severan (AD 193-235) era.

References

ANDERSON, Graham. Philostratus: biography and belles lettres in the third century A.D. New York: Routledge, 1986.

ARQUEIRO, Catarina Lopes. Anacársis ou Sobre os exercícios físicos de Luciano de Samósata: introdução, tradução do grego e notas. 2011. 78 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Poética e Hermenêutica) – Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 2011.

BILLAULT, Alain. Les choix narratifs de philostrate dans la Vie d’ Apollonios de Tyane. In: DEMOEN, Kristoffel; PRAET, Danny (Eds.). Theios sophistês: essays on Flavius Philostratus’ Vita Apollonii. Leiden: Brill, 2009. p. 3-20.

BOWERSOCK, Glen Warren. Greek sophists in the Roman Empire. Oxford: Clarendon, 1969.

BOWIE, Ewen Lyall. Apollonius of Tyana: tradition and reality. In: TEMPORINI, Hildegard; HAASE, Wolfgang (Hrsg.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt:

Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1978. Bd 16.2, p. 1652-1699.

BROWN, Peter. The rise and function of the holy man in late antiquity. The Journal of Roman Studies, v. 61, p. 80-101, 1971.

CAMPBELL, Frederick Williams Groves. Apollonius of Tyana: a study of his life and times. London: Grant Richards, 1908.

CHRYSOSTOMUS, Dio. Orationes. In: VON ARNIM, Hans Friedrich August (Ed.). Dionis Prusaensis quem vocant Chrysostomum quae exstant omnia. 2. ed. Berlin: Weidmann, 1962.

CONYBEARE, Frederick Cornwallis. Introduction. In: CONYBEARE, Frederick Cornwallis (Ed.). The life of Apollonius of Tyana, The epistles of Apollonius and The treatise of Eusebius. New York: Macmillan, 1912. v. 1, p. v-xv.

CONYBEARE, Frederick Cornwallis (Ed.). The life of Apollonius of Tyana, The epistles of Apollonius and The treatise of Eusebius. New York: Macmillan, 1921. v. 2.

DIJK, Gert-Jan. The Odyssey of Apollonius: an intertextual paradigm. In: BOWIE, Ewen; ELSNER, Jas (Eds.). Philostratus. Cambridge: CUP, 2009. p. 176-202.

ESHLEMAN, Kendra. The social world of intellectuals in the Roman Empire: sophists, philosophers, and Christians. Cambridge: CUP, 2012.

FLINTERMAN, Jaap-Jan. “The ancestor of my wisdom”: Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism in Life of Apollonius. In: BOWIE, Ewen; ELSNER, Jas (Eds.). Philostratus. Cambridge: CUP, 2009. p. 155-175.

GYSELINCK, Wannes; DEMOEN, Kristoffel. Fiction and metafiction in Philostratus’ Vita Apollonii. In: DEMOEN, Kristoffel; PRAET, Danny (Eds.). Theios sophistês: essays on Flavius Philostratus’ Vita Apollonii. Leiden: Brill, 2009. p. 95-128.

KEMEZIS, Adam Miller. Greek narratives of the Roman Empire under the Severans: Cassius Dio, Philostratus and Herodian. Cambridge: CUP, 2014.

KÖNIG, Jason. Images of elite community in Philostratus: re-reading the preface to The lives of the sophists. In: MADSEN, Jesper Majbom; REES, Roger (Eds.). Roman rule in Greek and Latin writing: double vision. Leiden: Brill, 2014. p. 246-270.

KOSKENNIEMI, Erkki. The Philostratean Apollonius as a teacher. In: DEMOEN, Kristoffel; PRAET, Danny (Eds.). Theios sophistês: essays on Flavius Philostratus’ Vita Apollonii. Leiden: Brill, 2009. p. 321-334.

MADSEN, Jesper Majbom. Patriotism and ambitions: intellectual response to Roman rule in the High Empire. In: MADSEN, Jesper Majbom; REES, Roger (Eds.). Roman rule in Greek and Latin writing: double vision. Leiden: Brill, 2014. p. 16-38.

MEYER, Eduard. Apollonios von Tyana und die Biographie des Philostratos. Hermes, v. 52, p. 371-424, 1917.

PHILOSTRATUS, Flavius. Vita Apollonii. In: KAYSER, Carl Ludwig. Flavii Philostrati opera. Leipzig: Teubner, 1964. v. 1.

PLATO. Respublica. In: BURNET, Ioannes (Ed.). Platonis opera. Oxford: OUP, 1986. v. 4.

PLATT, Verity. Virtual vision: phantasia and the perception of the divine in The life of Apollonius of Tyana. In: BOWIE, Ewen; ELSNER, Jas (Eds.). Philostratus. Cambridge: CUP, 2009. p. 131-154.

PRIAULX, Osmond de Beauvoir. The Indian travels of Apollonius of Tyana. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, v. 17, p. 70-105, 1860.

REARDON, Bryan P. Courants littéraires grecs des IIe et IIIe siècles après J.-C. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1971.

SCANLON, Thomas Francis. Eros & Greek athletics. Oxford: OUP, 2002.

SCHIRREN, Thomas. The Vita Apollonii as metabiographical fiction. In: DEMOEN, Kristoffel; PRAET, Danny (Eds.). Theios sophistês: essays on Flavius Philostratus’ Vita Apollonii. Leiden: Brill, 2009. p. 161-186.

SILVA, Semíramis Corsi. O Apolônio de Tiana da biografia escrita por Filóstrato e os sofistas. Revista Clássica, v. 29, n. 2, p. 119-144, 2016.

SILVA, Semíramis Corsi. Memórias em torno de Apolônio de Tiana: feiticeiro, homem divino e rival de Jesus Cristo. Revista Antíteses, v. 11, n. 21, p. 368.

Published

2021-12-22

How to Cite

TORRES, Milton Luiz. Apollonius of Tyana and His Disciples: Religious Elements in Ancient Philosophical Teachings. Faces da História, [S. l.], v. 8, n. 02, p. 228–249, 2021. Disponível em: https://seer.assis.unesp.br/index.php/facesdahistoria/article/view/2053. Acesso em: 3 jul. 2024.