Reflections on the Contributions of Cesare Brandi and Giovanni Carbonara to Design Education in Historic Areas in the Sertão of Paraíba

Abstract

This article reflects on the challenges of architectural interventions in historical areas of the Paraíba hinterland, which are marked by a lack of oversight and the absence of specialized training — a scenario that fosters practices disconnected from the built heritage. This is particularly evident in central areas, where colonial and 19th-century buildings coexist with generic contemporary constructions, especially in commercial zones, where signage and discordant colors compromise the landscape. However, the recent efforts of Architecture and Urbanism programs in the Upper Sertão region of Paraíba have begun to raise awareness about preservation. One noteworthy example is the course Design in Historical Areas, offered in an Architecture and Urbanism program in Cajazeiras. The course was structured in three phases: diagnosis, preliminary study, and design proposal. It is grounded in the theories of restoration scholars such as Viollet-le-Duc, Ruskin, and Brandi; international heritage charters; and design references that demonstrate best practices in preservation. In this context, the article’s main objective is to highlight, through the course outcomes, connections with the theory of Giovanni Carbonara — a theorist not studied directly by the students — who views restoration as a critical-conservative design act. Thus, we aim to underscore the alignment with Brandi's theory, reinforcing a continuity of design principles. Finally, the article emphasizes the connection between theory and practice aimed at training professionals who are more sensitive to heritage in urban contexts with ineffective heritage management.