Recreational clubs in cities in the south-east and south

identity, sociability and leisure (1889-1945)

Abstract

This article discusses the recreational clubs of the elite, professionals and certain ethnic groups between the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, defining its importance, functions and meanings for their members. While occupying these places of leisure, the clubs goers, besides enjoying themselves, initiated or deepened ties that bonded them with their peers creating in this way a powerful social network. This gave rise to social, marital, economic and political benefits which were boosted by the convivial parties, dances and other entertainment. Also their identities as individuals were redefined as belonging to certain ethnic or social groups. In the case of the elites this manifested itself in seeking to maintain the status quo and for black communities and common laborers attempts at forms of social inclusion, acceptance and projection into the broader reaches of society.